SEMESTER: 1 FULL COURSE DETAILS

 SEMESTER: 1            FULL COURSE DETAILS

Semester I

Course No.	Course Title	Cr. Hours
BT-111	Fundamental of Genetics	3
BT-112	Physical Chemistry	3
BT-113	Biology-I	3
BT-114	English-I	3
BT-115	Islamic Studies	2
BT-116	Pakistan Studies	2
First Semester Total		16

OR

BT-126

General-I (Basics in Computer)

SEMESTER I

FUNDAMENTALS OF GENETICS

BT-111                                                                                                                   (3 Credit hours)

 

Course Contents:

            Brief history of genetics, Genes. Chromosomes. Mitosis and Meiosis. Theory of heredity, the mechanism of Mendelian inheritance. Test cross and back cross. Modification of 3:1, incomplete dominance, co-dominance. Lethal genes. Multiple alleles. Gene interaction i.e. modification of 9:3:3:1 ratio, and 9:3:4. Sex linked inheritance. Regulation of gene expression. Mutation. Chromosomal aberration, Changes in chromosome number (euploidy, aneuploidy). Structural changes in chromosomes (deficiency, duplication, inversion and translocation). Qualitative and quantitative traits. Linkage and crossing over. Gene mapping in eukaryotes. Extra nuclear inheritance. Protein synthesis. Population genetics; Hardy- Weinberg law. 

Practicals:

            Identification of DNA in plant material (Feulgen staining). Study of chromosomes morphology and variation in chromosome number. Culture of Drosophila. Study of salivary glands chromosomes of Drosophila. Smear preparation techniques to study mitosis and meiosis. Blood grouping.

Recommended books:

1.      Andrew P (2000) 5^th edition, ‘Genetic analysis’ Mc Graw Hill Inc.

2.      Levine P (1992) 2^nd edition, ‘Genetic’ Modern Biology Series.

3.      Strachan S, Andrew P (2004) 3^rd edition, ‘Human Molecular Genetics’ BIOS Scientific Publishers Ltd.

4.      Snustad, S (2003) 3^rd edition, ‘Principles of Genetics’ John Wiley and Sons. 

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

BT-112                                                                                                                     (3 Credit hours)

 

Course Contents

1.      Solutions and Solubility:

Various concentration terms like Normality, Molarity, Mole fraction, Percent solution, W/w, W/v, V/v, solubility, solubility product, factors effecting solubility, pH, Buffer solution, Physiological buffer, Buffer activity, titration curves, acid base indicators.

 

2.      Chemical Kinetics:

Introduction, Type of chemical reaction, exothermic and endothermic reaction, rate and rate expression, order and molecularity of reaction, Zero order, 1^st and 2^nd order reaction, Various factors effecting rate of chemical reaction. The kinetics of enzyme catalyzed reaction and enzyme inhibitions.

3.      Colloids:

Introduction, Classification, Preparation, Purification, Properties and application of colloid, colloid and dialysis.

4.      Nuclear Chemistry:

Introduction, Natural and Artificial radioactivity, Properties of Alpha, beta and gamma particles. Radioactive decay and half life, detection and measurement techniques, fission and fusion reaction, radio tracers. Biological and diagnostic application of radioactive isotopes, Metal ions in carcinogenesis and in anticancer battle.

5.      Miscellaneous Process:

Osmosis and osmotic pressure, adsorption and theory of adsorption, sterilization and disinfection i.e. dry heat, Moist heat, radiation, Gaseous sterilization, Aseptic techniques.

Recommended Books:

1.      J. Fisher and J.R. Arnold (2001) 1^st edition, ‘Chemistry for Biologist’, Bios scientific publisher Ltd. Oxford UK

2.      M. Satake, Y. Hayashi and M.S Sethi (2003) 2^nd Edition, ‘Bio physical chemistry’, Discovery Publishing House. New Delhi.

3.      A.K. Das (2002) 4^th edition ‘Bio organic Chemistry’ CBS publisher and distributors.

4.      C. Raymond (1998), 2^nd Edition. ‘Chemistry with application to biological system’, Oxford Publisher Co.       

BIOLOGY-I

BT-113                                                                                                                   (3 Credit hours)

 

Course Contents:

Brief introduction to Plant kingdom. Viruses; General morphology, biochemical nature and biological importance of virus. Bacteria; Introduction, morphology, structure, classification and biological importance of bacteria. Fungi; General introduction and structure, economic importance along with pathogenicity. Phytophthora, Ustilago, Puccinia, Penicillium, Claviceps, Yeast and Agaricus. Algae; General introduction and structure, economic importance of Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bascilariophyta, Pheophyta and Rhodophyta. Lichens; General account, structure and biological importance of lichens. Bryophytes; General morphology, reproduction and biological importance with reference to Marchantia, Anthoceros and Polytrichum. Pterodophytes; General morphological account, reproduction, economic importance with reference to Adiantum and Marsilea. Gymnosperms; General morphology, distribution and economic importance of Conifers. Angiosperms; General introduction, economic importance with special reference to the family; Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Poaceae.

Practicals:

            Study of the representatives of the above groups. Field trips to the various locations for collection. Field observation and submit their collection at the time of examination.

Recommended Books:

1.      Farrukh H, Ihsan I (2004), 1^st edition, ‘A text book of botany’ Printman Peshawar.    

2.      Kumar H (1989) 1^st edition, ‘Introductory Phycology’ East West Press India.

3.      Vashisheta P (1990) 1^st edition, ‘Pteredophyta’ S. Chand Series

4.      Vashisheta P (1990) 1^st edition, ‘Gymnosperms’ S. Chand Series

5.      Vashisheta P (1990) 1^st edition, ‘Taxonomy of Angiosperms’ S. Chand Series

ENGLISH-I:

BT-114                                                      (3 Credit hours)

 

Course Contents:

Listening and comprehension skills; Listening for meaning, Listening for pronunciation, responding to an oral discourse, turn taking reading skills, speed reading skinning, scanning, word attack skills, text attack skills, Vocabulary building (roots and affexis), textual organization, Writing skills;  outlining, Textual organization, textual pattern general specific cause effect, comparison/ contrast classification, argument, description, cohesive links, punctuation, summarizing and paraphrasing composition, study skills, taking notes from a text, semantic makers, using abbreviations, dictionary and reference skills, preparing for seminar.

ISLAMIC STUDIES:

BT-115                                                       (2 Credit hours)

 

PAKISTAN STUDIES:

BT-116                                                        (2 Credit hours)

NOTE:        COMPUTER SCIENCE OR PAK STUDIES   BOTH ARE INTERCONVERTABLE IN 1ST AND SECOND SEMESTER.

BECAUSE of HEC COUNT YEARS NOT SEMESTER.

BT-126

General-I (Basics in Computer)

3

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