SEMESTER: 2 FULL COURSE DETAILS

 SEMESTER: 2         FULL COURSE DETAILS

Semester II

Course No.	Course Title	Cr. Hours
BT- 121	Introductory Biotechnology	3
BT- 122	Cell Biology	3
BT- 123	Biology- II	3
BT-124	English-II	3
BT-125	Maths-I	3
BT-126	General-I (Basics in Computer)	3
Second Semester Total		18

SEMESTER II

INTRODUCTORY BIOTECHNOLOGY

BT-121                                                                                                                   (3 Credit hours)

 

Course contents:

Historical background. Biotechnology--- an interdisciplinary pursuit, scope and application. Genetic engineering; History and application. Genome organization and basic tools of genetic engineering (Isolation, cutting, ligation etc). Mechanism of gene transfer, transfection and vectors. Enzyme technology; introduction, nature, classification and action, application of enzyme in genetic engineering and protein engineering, introduction to the role of enzymes in industrial product synthesis. Tissue Culture; Importance, concept of totipotency, history of tissue culture. Details of culture techniques (ex-plant, sterilization, growth, differentiation etc). Bioprocess and fermentation technology; introduction, principle of microbial growth. Important product formation. Bioreactor/Fermenter technology (Introduction and principle). Biotechnology and medicine; introduction pharmaceuticals and bio-pharmaceuticals , antibiotics, vaccines etc. Introduction to gene therapy and AIDS. Biotechnology in Agriculture and forestry; introduction, disease and resistant herbicide plants, micro propagation virus –free potatoes, herbicide resistant crops (Bt crops). Biotechnology for better animal production. Food and beverage technology: Introduction, food and beverages fermentation, Public acceptance and safety.

Recommended books

1.      William J, Thieman J, Michael A (2003) 2^nd edition, ‘Introduction to Biotechnology’ McGraw Hill Book company Inc.

2.      Dubey R (2000) 1^st edition, ‘A textbook of Biotechnology’ S Chand Publications.  

CELL BIOLOGY

BT-122                                                                                                                   (3 Credit hours)

 

Course content:

            Cell structure and function; Plasma membrane, cell wall, transport of materials through the plasma membrane, cytoplasm- its properties. Cell chemistry; inorganic compounds (Water and electrolytes), organic compounds (Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins, Nucleic acid, enzymes). Organelles; Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, Lysosomes, Peroxiosomes, Micro bodies, Vacuoles, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Plastids, Centrioles. Nucleus: Nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm, Chromatin, Hereditary material, protein synthesis. Introduction to cellular metabolism. Cytoskeleton; Microfilaments and microtubules. Surface feature of cell; Microvilli, desmosomes, Plasmadesmata, Junction. Organs of locomotion; Cilia, flagella and other special features. Prokaryotic cell; structure of bacterial cell, differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell. Introduction to cell signaling.

Practicals:

            Light electron microscope i.e. SEM and TEM. Membrane permeability, Preparation and staining of histological slides. Mitosis and cell cycle. Meiosis in grass hopper. Osmosis by plant tissue, prepared slides survey. Cell organelles separation by differential centrifugation. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell.

Recommended books:

1.      David E (1997) 1^st edition, ‘ Cell Biology-organelles structure and function’ Jones and Bartlett Publishers, Bostan, London.

2.      Gerald K (1996) 4^th edition, ‘ Cell and Molecular Mycology’ Macmillan New York and London.

BIOLOGY-II

BT-123                                                                                                                   (3 Credit hours)

 

Course contents:

            Introduction to animal kingdom. Protozoa: General organization with economic importance to Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Entamoeba, Giardia and Plasmodium. Porifera: General organization and importance of sponges. Coelenterates: General organization and economic importance of Collenterates (Coral reefs and polymorphism). Platyhelminthes: General organization and economic importance of Fasciola hepatica and Taenia solium. Nematoda: Diagnostic features and biological importance of Ascaris. Annelida: Diahnostic features and economic importance of annelids with special reference to leech. Mollusca: Characteristics and economic importance of mollusks with special reference to fresh water mussel. Arthropoda: Diagnostic features of the phylum and economic importance of honey bee and silkworm. Echinodermata: Diagnostic features of echinodermates with special reference to starfish. Vertebrata: Diagnostic features of the five classes. Structure and function of the digestive, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, nervous, endocrine and reproductive systems of Rabbit.

Practicals:

            General survey of each phylum and group from invertebrata to vertebrate. Collection and identification of animal species. Visit to wild life

 

Recommended books:

1.      Lowenstein O, Parker T, Haswll A (1998) 2^nd edition, ‘A text book of Zoology’ Volume I/II Macmillan Student edition.

2.      James C (1998) 2^nd edition, ‘Laboratory manual for the science of Zoology’ McGraw Hill Inc.      

ENGLISH-II

BT-124                                                     (3 Credit hours)

 

Mathematics-I

BT-125                                                     (3 Credit hours)

 

Course contents:

Section A

            Matrices and determinants; addition, subtraction and multiplication of matrices, inverse of a matrix, Crammer’s rule, solution of simultaneous equations with matrices. Complex numbers, algebra of complex numbers. Series and sequences. Vectors, Unit vectors, the three dimensional coordinates of a vector, addition and subtraction of vectors, scalar and vector product.

Section B

            The derivatives, limits, rates of change, definition of the derivative, techniques for finding the derivatives, derivative of products and Quotients, Chain rule. Continuity and differentiability. Applications of the derivatives; Increasing and decreasing functions, relative extrema, absolute extrema, concavity the second derivative Test and curve sketching, applications of extrema, implicit differentiation, related rates, differentials. Exponential and logarithmic function; exponential function, logarithmic functions derivative of logarithmic function, derivative of exponential function, application of growth and decay. Integration, Anti-derivatives, substitution, area and definite integrals fundamental theorem of calculus, area between two curves. Techniques and applications of integration; integration by parts, numeral integration, applications of integration: Volume and average value improper integrals. Functions of several variables, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, lagrange multipliers, the least square line: the minimization application. Total differentials and Approximations.

Recommended Books:

1.      Peter T (1998) 2^nd edition, ‘Basic Mathematics for chemist’ John Willey and Sons.

2.      Keeddy M (1989) 2^nd edition, ‘Algebra and trigonometry’ Addison Wesley.

3.      Margaret L, Charles D (1996) 5^th edition, ‘Calculus with application, Brief version’. Scott Foresman and Company. Glenview, Illons London, England.

 

GENERAL-I (Basics in Computer)

BT-126                                                    (3 Credit hours)

 

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